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Table 1 Subjective characteristics and implementation environment (n = 50)

From: Effect on autonomic nervous activity of applying hot towels for 10 s to the back during bed baths

  Mean (SD) 95% CI for the difference t value P value
Bed bath with AHT10s CON
Age (years) 22.2 (1.6)
Body mass index (kg/m2) 21.4 (2.2)
Muscle mass (kg) 43.4 (8.0)
Body fat percentage (%) 21.4 (8.1)
Area of back (cm2) 1641.1 (253.3)
Time required for bed bath 84.0 (4.0) 84.7 (3.9) − 1.5–0.3 − 1.37 .176
Implementation environment
 Room temperature (°C) 25.7 (0.4) 25.6 (0.4) − 1.4–1.0 − 0.34 .738
 Humidity (%) 35.1 (3.3) 34.7 (3.4) − 0.1–0.1 0.48 .634
  1. Paired t test. The area of the back was calculated by measuring the length (transverse boundary line: both axillary lines, upper boundary line: line connecting both acromion, lower boundary line: line connecting both iliac crests). AHT10s applying hot towels for 10 s to the skin, CI confidence interval, CON the bed bath with applying dry towel to the skin, SD standard deviation
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